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According to a statement by Singapore's Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Chemical Industries (Far East) was fined S$200,000 for a chlorine leak from a 1-ton container at its Jalan Samulun storage facility, which occurred on 4 September 2016.
As a result of the leak, two emergency responders and five members of the public outside the workplace were exposed to the escaping chlorine gas.
Chemical Industries (Far East) had pleaded guilty to a charge under section 12(2) of the Workplace Safety and Health Act for failing to take reasonably practicable measures necessary to ensure the safety and health of persons who may be affected by its undertaking.
Case details
On 4 September 2016, liquid chlorine leaked from a 1-ton cylinder (ton container) stored in a chlorine storage facility occupied by Chemical Industries (Far East). This triggered an alarm from one of the chlorine detectors , and a worker activated the chlorine gas emergency scrubber and exhaust system.
Two workers then donned personal protective equipment and attempted to stop the leak, but were unsuccessful. The company then called in the SCDF, and the leak was mitigated shortly after.
Two SCDF responders and five members of the public outside the workplace were momentarily exposed to the leaked chlorine gas. They were admitted to Ng Teng Fong hospital for treatment, ranging from eye irritation to difficulties in breathing, and were discharged on the same day.
MOM’s investigation findings
Investigations revealed that the company had failed to maintain the integrity of the fusible plug of the chlorine ton container, which was found to be severely corroded (photo below) and resulted in the leak.
The company did not conduct any inspection of the fusible plugs during the external inspection of the ton containers prior to each filling, which would have revealed pre-existing corrosion damage of the fusible plug.
The company also failed to establish and implement a detailed and effective emergency response plan (ERP). The company’s ERP covered the scenario of a chlorine leak and assumed that the chlorine would leak slowly as a gas instead of liquid under pressure. The emergency response for liquid chlorine leak scenario was not documented under the ERP.
On the day of the leak, the ton container had to be rolled over to position the leaking fusible plug to its topmost position which would convert the liquid leak to a gas leak. However, when the incident occurred, the worker was unable to do so as the leaking container was stored between many other ton containers with no gaps (photo below).
Investigations also revealed that the company failed to install its emergency scrubber and exhaust system according to design and maintain a safe air change rate in the workplace.
Some of the suction pipes were found to be covered with mesh filters, and no calculations were conducted to verify that these filters would not reduce the flowrate of air into the emergency scrubber and exhaust system (photo below).
Air flowrate measurements from the suction was not conducted to verify the efficiency of the exhaust system, and investigations revealed that the rate at which the contaminated air was extracted did not meet general ventilation standards.
Er. Go Heng Huat, MOM’s Director of the Major Hazards Department, said, "The company had failed to properly maintain and store the ton containers, establish a proper emergency response plan to address chlorine leaks and implement an effective exhaust system for extracting and channelling contaminated air to the scrubber.
"The multiple safety breaches showed a clear disregard of the hazards at the workplace and had posed a safety risk to the public. The MOM will not hesitate to prosecute companies that flout safety regulations."
Photo / Ministry of Manpower
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